Heart attack

A heart attack occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply the heart with oxygen enriched blood, become blocked

Recognition

• Tightness and /or pain in the chest (mild or severe)
• The casualty may be clutching the chest
• Possible spreading of pain into the arms, neck and back
• Dizziness or a light-headed feeling
• Possible shortness of breath
• May feel nauseous or be sick
• May have cold sweats

Treatment

• Call for an ambulance (999/112)
• Sit the casualty down with legs drawn up in a position which is comfortable
• Loosen any restrictive clothing
• Keep the casualty warm and comfortable
• Monitor the casualty’s airway and breathing
• If the casualty becomes unresponsive then carry out basic life support

The video below shows how to treat a heart attack

Stroke

A stroke is either short term or permanent damage to the brain and /or body. If you suspect a stroke, then you must act FAST

Facial weakness – Can the person smile, has the face dropped to one side

Arm weakness- Can the person raise both arms

Speech problems – Can the person speak clearly and understand what you say

Time to call 999/112- Early, treatment can be given which can prevent further damage

Treatment

• Call for an ambulance (999/112) immediately
• If responsive lay the casualty down with the head and shoulders raised or assist into a comfortable position
• If unconscious place into the recovery position, affected side down
• Loosen any restrictive clothing
• If there are any secretions, then wipe them away
• Monitor the airway and breathing
• If unresponsive place the casualty in the recovery position (Monitor airway and breathing)
• Be prepared to carry out basic life support

Remember the FAST test